For tens of thousands of years India (including Tibet) had a natural well established Himalayan defense. Tibet was under rule of King of Kashmir who agreed to join India on October 1948. The entire Tibet was part of his Kingdom. All postal stamps date back to 1818 shows Tibet was part of Kashmir.
Throughout the first five decades of the 20th century, Tibet’s envoys traveled on passports issued by the Tibetan foreign office. Tibet’s independence were recognized by Kuomintang. During the period of the civil war, Mao also acknowledged the alien status of Tibet.
Mongolia concluded a formal bilateral treaty with Tibet in 1913. Nepal had also concluded treaties with Tibet and maintained an Ambassador in Lhasa. When Nepal applied for the membership of the UN in 1949, if formally stated that it had independent diplomatic relations with UK, USA, India, Burma and Tibet.
As early as 1903, the British signed what is known as the Lhasa Convention. The British enjoyed the rights and privileges granted by Tibet to them under that document till they left India. After the fall of the Manchus when the nationalist government of China invited Nepal and Tibet to join China, both of them refused. In WW2, to sustain its neutrality Tibet consistently declined passage through its territory to the allied forces and material to aid China.
In 1947, India had a strong presence in Tibet with a full-fledged Mission in Lhasa and Indian trade marts managed by Agents posted in Gyantse, Yatung (near the Sikkim border) and Gartok (Western Tibet). These Agents were entitled to a military escort. The Post and Telegraph Service, a chain of rest-houses and the principality of Minsar (near Mt Kailash) were also under the Indian Government’s control.
In 1949, Chairman Mao offered to build roads and bridges free of cost in Tibet. It was a bait. These infrastructure was used to transport Chinese army men in disguise into the plateau.
Soon after the Chinese overran Tibet, Nehru and Krishna Menon started talking in public that India and China had lived in peace for 3,000 years, implying thereby that eternal peace would reign.
China swallowed Tibet, and India swallowed the Panchsheel tranquilizer
Vice President Hamid Ansari was welcomed to China for celebration of the 60th anniversary of Panchsheel Treaty (which we should have been diplomatically ashamed to attend), by an incursion into Indian territory in Ladakh. Ansari was also honored with a cartographic display of Chinese maps showing Arunachal Pradesh in China.
Vajpayee's visit to China in February 1979 was abruptly cut short, when China chose that exact occasion to attack Vietnam. China was defeated in that short war.
Five Fingers of Tibet strategy - When Tibet was occupied, Mao Zedong said, Tibet is the palm and we will go after the five fingers. The first finger is Ladakh. The other four are Nepal, Bhutan, Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh.
Now time has come when all forcible lands must be freed from the Treacherous Communists.
US has now a bigger say to ask China vacate Tibet - as official bill is vetting in US Congress to declare Tibet as sovereign and free Country.
The Chinese military exists only in paper even though China has the latest infrastructure and more ammunition. China has not won a war in the last 300 years. The human wave attack was destroyed by the Vietnamese in 1979. Even in 1962, the Chinese troops reached till Tezpur, but were trapped in freezing winter without logistics and supply lines from the China. Realizing the danger, the Chinese unilaterally called for a ceasefire and retreated. Our leaders boasted it as a victory for their diplomacy. During WWII, Nazis were also trapped in stalingrad and the Soviets chased them till Berlin.
The Chinese giant has a stark military asymmetry over India. A full fledged war means fight at all levels including boycotting the Chinese made products. Keep a watch on urban naxals and guard the Chicken neck corridor in Siliguri. Naxalism started from were with the intention of disconnecting NE from the mainland.
China is controlling the waters in all rivers originating from Tibet. In war time, China may open the shutters of all dams and this can devastate vast areas downstream in the NE, Myanmar, Bangladesh and Vietnam. The Communist government in Kerala opened shutters of all dams during the 2018 Monsoon, resulting in the Worst flood. If India cannot make peace with China now then a full blown war is inevitable. Take control of the entire Tibet within a short time. The war must be over before the Monsoon Rains start.
